The aim of present study was to identify and prioritize the context and backgrounds of joining militants to the ISIS terrorist group. The statistical population of the study was experts and professors of the humanities specialties like Sociology, Political Sciences, Middle East Studies and Terrorism, which were selected through a purposive sampling consisting of 30 Iranian scholars. Theoretically, Arendt, Taeffel, Macs theories were used. Also, T-test and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that four main areas were identified as the most important milestones in joining militants to ISIS: class divisions with an average of 15.20, economic inequality (14.77), alienation and Islam phobia in the west (13.95), and the identity crisis (13.68). The second group, in terms of importance (from the perspective of respondents) includes discrimination (job, income, employment, service, skills and training of immigrants) (12.15), disappointment in improving living conditions (12.13), frustration and failure in achieving the goals of the future (11.83), the rejection of Western hegemony (11.57) and socioeconomic inequality (10.90), relative deprivation (9.97), social exclusion and neglect (7.67), social alienation (7.35), marginalization (7.03), poverty (6.40) and unemployment (5.68).
 

Keywords: Contexts and backgrounds, Relative deprivation, Poverty, Terrorism, ISIS

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