Political Research In Islamic World

fa فضای مجازی و احتمال در شکل‌گیری تقارن‌های معناساز در زندگی کاربران مسلمان Cyber Space and Mathematics' of Possibility in Create Meaning of Symmetry تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div> <table align="left" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 0cm 12px; text-align: justify;" valign="top">این مقاله با تمرکز بر تحول نسبت میان «تقدیر» و «احتمال» در بستر گسترش فضای مجازی، به بررسی دگرگونی بنیان‌های معرفتی در جوامع مسلمان می‌پردازد. مسئله اصلی پژوهش آن است که چگونه سیطره عقلانیت محاسباتی و منطق احتمالات، که ریشه در سنت فلسفی مدرن و دوگانگی سوژه و ابژه دارد، موجب تضعیف الگوهای کلاسیک مبتنی بر علیت و تقدیر شده و در نتیجه، فهم انسان از نسبت میان حقیقت، واقعیت و طبیعت را دگرگون ساخته است. در این راستا، پرسش محوری مقاله عبارت است از اینکه گذار از منطق انطباقی علی و معلولی به منطق احتمالاتی در فضای مجازی، چه تأثیری بر بازتعریف مفهوم تقدیر در زیست جهان معاصر، به‌ویژه در کشورهای مسلمان، داشته است. چارچوب نظری پژوهش مبتنی بر تلفیقی از فلسفه فناوری، الهیات سیاسی و مباحث معرفت‌شناسی مدرن با تأکید بر آراء دکارت، کانتور و گودل است که در آن، فضای مجازی به‌عنوان امتداد عقلانیت محاسباتی تحلیل می‌شود. این پژوهش با روش تحلیلی تفسیری و رویکردی میان‌رشته‌ای، ضمن بررسی تحول مفاهیم بنیادین، نشان می‌دهد که غلبه منطق احتمال بر ساختارهای ادراکی، به بروز نوعی گسست در نظام معنایی و اختلال در منطق صدق انجامیده و پیامدهایی مانند ناامنی روانی، اضطراب معرفتی و فروپاشی انسجام تفسیری را در پی داشته است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که این وضعیت نه‌تنها محصول تحولات فناورانه، بلکه برآمده از انتقال ضمنی مبانی الهیات سیاسی غرب به عرصه فناوری اطلاعات است که در نهایت، به بازتعریف تقدیر در قالب الگوهای غیرقطعی و سیال منجر شده است.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div> <table align="left" hspace="0" vspace="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-top:0cm; padding-right:12px; padding-bottom:0cm; padding-left:12px" valign="top">Introduction The rapid expansion of cyberspace has profoundly transformed the relationship between destiny, probability, and computability, generating fundamental epistemological and ontological changes in contemporary societies, particularly in Muslim contexts. Rather than functioning merely as a communication technology, cyberspace represents the historical extension of computational rationality and mathematical abstraction, reshaping the relationship between reality, representation, and human experience. Rooted in the modern philosophical tradition and the Cartesian subject–object dualism, computational rationality has gradually displaced classical causality-based and meaning-oriented understandings of destiny with probabilistic and algorithmic models of reality. Consequently, concepts such as truth, causality, and human agency are increasingly interpreted through computational structures rather than metaphysical or theological frameworks. Against this background, the present study examines how the dominance of computational rationality has transformed the relationship between destiny, probability, and computability and explores its epistemological, ontological, and socio-cultural consequences in Muslim societies. <div align="center" style="text-align:center"> <hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" ></div> Methodology This study adopts an interdisciplinary interpretive-analytical approach combining philosophy of technology, modern epistemology, political theology, and the philosophy of mathematics. The analysis is based on conceptual and historical interpretation rather than empirical investigation. Classical and modern philosophical traditions, ranging from Descartes and Newton to Cantor, Turing, Gödel, and contemporary theories of computation, are examined to explain the historical evolution of computational rationality. Mathematical concepts such as symmetry, graphs, functions, infinity, probability, and computability are analyzed not merely as formal structures but as ontological frameworks shaping contemporary understandings of reality, truth, identity, and social relations. The study further applies these conceptual foundations to interpret cyberspace as a socio-technical environment that reconstructs human interactions through algorithmic and data-driven structures. <div align="center" style="text-align:center"> <hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" ></div> Findings The findings indicate that the historical development of modern rationality has progressively transformed the understanding of reality from a causality-based and meaning-oriented framework to one dominated by probability, computation, and mathematical formalization. Beginning with Cartesian dualism and reinforced by Newtonian physics, reality became increasingly represented through measurable and computable structures, while the traditional concept of the self (nafs) gradually lost its central epistemological role. The study further demonstrates that twentieth-century developments in computability theory, Cantorian set theory, Turing machines, and Gödel's incompleteness theorem fundamentally redefined the concepts of finitude, infinity, certainty, and rationality. Although computational systems expanded the capacity for calculation and prediction, they simultaneously revealed inherent limits of formal reasoning through incompleteness, undecidability, and uncertainty. Within cyberspace, these developments appear as algorithmic representations of social reality. Human relationships, identities, and social interactions are increasingly organized through networks, graphs, nodes, algorithms, and data structures rather than qualitative social meanings. Consequently, symmetry, repeatability, predictability, and calculability gradually replace lived experience, semantic interpretation, and traditional causality. The findings also reveal a significant transformation in the relationship between destiny and probability. While traditional worldviews interpreted destiny within a coherent theological and causal order, computational rationality reconstructs reality through statistical prediction and probabilistic modeling. In Muslim societies, where theological understandings of destiny remain influential, this transformation creates an epistemological tension between traditional systems of meaning and algorithmic rationality. This condition contributes to identity fragmentation, digital estrangement, epistemological homelessness, and the gradual disappearance of the self as an autonomous and meaningful subject within networked computational processes. <div align="center" style="text-align:center"> <hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" ></div> Discussion and Conclusion The findings suggest that cyberspace should be understood not merely as a technological innovation but as the historical culmination of computational rationality, fundamentally transforming the concepts of truth, reality, causality, destiny, and human subjectivity. Truth increasingly appears as the output of algorithmic and representational systems rather than correspondence with an objective reality, while probability replaces causality as the dominant explanatory framework. These transformations generate profound epistemological and cultural challenges, particularly in Muslim societies where traditional theological conceptions of destiny continue to shape collective identity and social life. The coexistence of computational rationality and religious worldviews creates a persistent tension that manifests itself in psychological insecurity, fragmentation of identity, erosion of meaning, and uncertainty regarding the relationship between human agency and reality. In conclusion, the study argues that cyberspace constitutes a new probabilistic-imagistic order in which human beings continuously negotiate between meaning and computation, reality and representation, and destiny and probability. Understanding these transformations requires an interdisciplinary framework that integrates philosophy, technology, theology, and computational theory in order to explain the evolving relationship between digital technologies and contemporary human existence.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> غیاب نفس, ابژگی/سوژگی, الاهیات, حقیقت, واقعیت, فضای مجازی. Absence of the Self, Subject/Object duality, Theology, Truth, Reality, Virtual Space. 1 14 http://priw.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2400-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Parisa Amirifard پریسا امیری فرد Amirifard.parisa@pnu.ac.ir 0602440981 10031947532846009130 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran. Iran. استادیار، گروه علوم سیاسی، پیام نور، تهران، ایران Seyed Ibrahim Sarpara Stsadat ابراهیم سرپرست سادات Sarparastsadat@atu.ac.ir 10031947532846009131 10031947532846009131 No Associate Professor of Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran. Iran علامه طباطبایی