Trust is one of the main components of social capital is a political system. Establishing an atmosphere of trust between government and citizens interact with their better efficiency and increased political participation & performance of political institutions. In contrast, the loss of confidence led to a lack of support from the public authorities, non-compliance with laws and regulations (unless forced), not to support government programs, reduce political participation, spreading distrust of government institutions and in severe cases legitimacy crisis. Seems Origins and background of political political mistrust in Iranian society in the course of Pahlavi is connected to one side of the political culture and on the other hand to how political institutions function and output. Therefore, to investigate the origins and backgrounds of the two theories can be used ؛ Cultural theories & Institutional theories. Accordingly, consequential political culture, position of the Shia Ideology near of the Iranian community, regime’s fight with the ideology in ancient and modern extremist ideology has provided the field of political distrust. The structure and function system of government, authoritarian structure in the form of a personal decision, adducentarchy, militarism and a climate of fear and lack of democratic participation can be found. The presence of foreign domination and rule, relationship of governing elite with them at Pahlavi era, economic corruption of court, state modernization and versatility, political move towards a totalitarian state also provided the groundwork for the establishment and strengthening of political distrust.