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In the last two decades of her reign, Pahlavi II undertook fundamental changes in the structures of Iranian society. The second Pahlavi modernization projects intensified the divisions and contradictions of Iranian society, which, in turn, led to poverty, discrimination, injustice, and the urban-rural divide, among the effects of this modernization. The inequalities in society have placed the issue of social justice at the center of society's intellectual movements, and justice-oriented movements have offered solutions to overcome the current situation.
The main issue of the present study is: "What are the differences and similarities of justice-oriented movements in Iranian society from 1963 to 1978?" The present study will examine the three left-wing movements, the revolutionary clergy, and the freedom movement, using descriptive-analytical and ultimately comparative methods, and will reconstruct the four stages of Spriggans' crisis theory in each of the aforementioned movements. The research findings show that despite originating from different intellectual streams, justice-oriented movements have recognized the crisis of justice as the fundamental foundation of disorder in Iranian society. However, based on different intellectual foundations, they have presented different perspectives on the path to healing and the image of a revived society.

Keywords: Current, Justice-oriented, Crisis Theory, Springs, Social Justice

     

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