Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
Syrian Crisis and Increasing Muslims’ Diaspora in Europe
1
26
FA
Hossein
Khani
khani630@yahoo.com
Y
The internal crisis in Syria, which began in 2011, continues to have devastating consequences for its people. In addition, Syrian conflict and violence have led to the displacement of people, the expansion of terrorism, and the escalation of political and sectarian differences, and thus creating increasing instability throughout the region. It is worth noting that almost half of the Syrian population has left home because of the war. With the onset of the refugee crisis, Europe considered the crisis as a strictly confined issue to the Middle East, but after a wave of refugees, European governments inevitably admitted that this issue could not be left exclusively to the Middle East or the border states, so they attempt to share the burden of this responsibility to find common solutions to the crisis. The current question is: “How has such a situation been created for Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in the Middle East and Europe?” In response, the hypothesis of the paper, utilizing Diaspora theory, sees this incident as the result of territorial displacement between governments and large-scale transnational migration, which has been carried out by ISIL in accordance with "political requirements" and "structural violence", and the consequence of its transnational environment would result in the disperse from the main core and going forcibly to several places. Hence, using qualitative method and library technique in dealing with the Syria crisis, the present study found the components of genocide, women's bondage, slavery and bondwoman as the main reasons for this dispersal.
Syria, ISIL, Terrorism, Diaspora, Europe.
http://priw.ir/article-1-483-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-483-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
The Nation-building Government in Islamic word and the Contemporary World Policy of the US
27
53
FA
Seyed Mostafa
Abtahi
Y
Seyed Ali Asghar
Torabi
a.torabi635@gmail.com
N
After World War II, United States became a global superpower in the world. Although with having little experience in the war with other countries and the emergence of new states in these countries, the US entered the realm of nation-building with the change of government in Germany and Japan. The establishment of the United Nations at this time did not contribute much to the issue of nation-state building government. The establishment of the Cold War and the competition between the two superpowers hinder the proper implementation of the nation-building. With the departure of the Cold War and the liberation of numerous nations from the Soviet :::::union::::: and the independence of colonial-liberated countries, in Africa and Asia, and with the onset of the globalization paradigm in the late twentieth century and the beginning of the contemporary era, it provided the United States, in addition to state-building, to focus on nation-building, especially in the slamic countries. At this era, the US foreign policy has emphasized the establishment of nation-building institutions in the United Nation or alongside. Now, the question is that: “what is the role of the nation-building government in the Islamic world in the US global politics?” From this perspective, the following hypothesis is argued so that by changing the paradigm of the Cold War to globalization, changes in the nation-building government in the Islamic world are reflected in the US policy toward the past. The purpose of the present study is to answer the research questions and to investigate the accuracy or inaccuracy of the proposed hypothesis through descriptive-analytical method using library and electronic resources.
Nation building, state-building, US, Islamic world, US word policy
http://priw.ir/article-1-500-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-500-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
Reflections of the West and Modernity in Mirza Saleh Shirazi’s Travelogue
(Historical Analysis and Critique of Cultural Reform in the Iran and West Confrontation)
55
72
FA
zivyar@ihcs.ac.ir
Y
n contemporary history, the initial efforts of the modernization movement in the cultural reformist discourse on the success of the West and its pattern can be influenced by two issues, on the one hand, the intellectual wave in Europe, an important feature of which was science and experimentation, and on the other hand is the defeat of Iranians in the first encounter with the new West (the wars of Iran and Russia), which can be regarded as the milestone in the first receptions of the pioneers of the cultural reformist discourse of Western culture and modernity, which the reflection of this approach in Iranian travelogues early in the Qajar period makes sense in the West's political presence and colonialism.
Meanwhile, the role of Iranian intellectuals who have commonly understood the West closely should not simply be ignored. For example, thoughts related to liberty, democracy, constitution and parliamentary, and even astonishment in the face of European development were first brought to Iran through travelogues such as Mirza Saleh Shirazi's.
The topic of travel journalism, in general, and the above-mentioned work in particular, are considered as the milestone in the manner and attitudes of the first generation intellectuals, therefore, the focus and research on the views and ideas of this travel writer is important for the tremendous advances made by the Westerners and the scientific achievements of Europe. Thus, in addition to mentioning the advantages of this travelogue compared to others in his time, we also deal with the dark points he suffered those days, which we still encounter with currently.
West, Modernity, Travel Writing, Mirza Saleh, UK
http://priw.ir/article-1-494-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-494-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
Principles of Convergence of the Islamic Ummah from the Perspective of Quran
73
96
FA
Y
Today, the most important political process in relation to Islamic societies, especially the Middle East, is the conflicting relations of Islamic states, so that divergence and conflict during the last decades have continiously overcome the process of convergence between governments and Islamic societies. This conflict, in general, was at the two levels of internal level between different ethnic groups and sects of Islamic societies, and at the exterior level in intergovernmental interactions. In this regard, it seems that recognizing the Qur'anic principles in relation to the regulation of relations between states and Islamic societies in the context of convergence is of particular importance. Consequently, this research aims to answer the question of: “what is the most important principles of the Qur'an, as the main source of Islamic religion, in convergence among Islamic societies. The findings of this study show that Islam has established the principle of relations between Islamic societies on the basis of convergence and unity, and knows the root of in divergence in the lack of proper understanding of Islam and the attachment and supremacy that does not fit with the goals and objectives of human excellence. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytic, and the method of data collection is library and Internet.
Qur’an, convergence, Islamic World, Division, Moslim
http://priw.ir/article-1-373-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-373-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
Identity and its Effect on Yemen’s Foreign Policy in the Post-Unification Era (1990)
97
123
FA
Safavi@ut.ac.ir
N
r.nejabat@ut.ac.ir
Y
After the 1990 unification in Yemen, the country’s officials made efforts to adopt a new turn of behaviors in various areas, especially their foreign policy, in accordance to the created changes to prove themselves to their peripheral and international environments. Based thereupon, they did their best to define a new identity for the unified Yemen and identify their foreign policy and behavior in proportion thereto, although they did not succeed and their ambitious ideas were quickly wilted before getting united. According to this chaos, one can realize the Yemen’s foreign policy, with the lack of well-established framework during the post-unification years, as a product of identity crisis stemming from various roots. Before bearing witness to a coherent national identity in Yemen, it is the subnational identities that separately exert diverse effects on the various aspects of the country, including its foreign policy. The absence of a state-nation has practically caused the formation of a level of identity conflict in Yemen and this identity crisis has influenced the all aspects of policy-making in this country, including the foreign behavior and foreign policy. Proposing the theoretical framework of constructivism, the present study investigates the foreign behavior and foreign policy of Yemen as well as the factors influencing them based on this approach.
Yemen, foreign policy, Alliance 1990, identity, state-nation, constructivism
http://priw.ir/article-1-469-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-469-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
Normative Threat and Rising of Religion in International Relations:
What, Why and How to Interact
125
154
FA
mmahmoudikia@yahoo.com
Y
Although the subject of religion has always played a marginal role in international politics, and it has been less regarded as an independent variable in understanding the events of the international system, various events such as the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the Quds and Palestine issue, the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, and Pentagon in the United States, as well as the emergence of a large number of extremist religious movements such as al-Qaeda organization, Al-Shabaab, ISIS, and etc., have attracted the attention of policy-makers to the role of religion in international system over the last decades.
These events in the global operational environment over the past decades have led to forming new forms of threat that are not understood by the mere emphasis on the materiality of the threat, and its perception is inevitably consists of a normative concept of the threat. On the other hand, given the role played by the notions and norms in world politics, we are facing with the growing importance of identifying values and elements within communities. The emergence of radical religious movements, the growth of modernity and the increase in the volume of intercultural and inter-civilization communication and interchanges following the intensification of the globalization process has led to the emergence of a new form of threat, called as "normative threat".
This research using a descriptive-analytical method aims to find the relationship between factors influencing the emergence of normative threat and the political oppression of religion in the contemporary world. It seems that the re-emergence of religion in the field of international relations in its extreme form has led to the emergence of this notion that religion in the international community is a source of conflicts and a threat to establishment of international order. While religion has a high capacity for legitimacy and norm making system that can serve to strengthen the international peace and stability. The results of this study show that the marginalization of religion in theoretical considerations in the field of international relations and ignoring it has led this field do not have the capacity to understand and explain some of the events of the international system.
Normative Threat, Religious Identity, Fundamentalism, Modernity, Islamism, International system, International Relations
http://priw.ir/article-1-591-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-591-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
The Impact of Syrian Fragile Situation upon the Middle East’s Security Intractions
155
188
FA
Reza
Ekhtiari Amiri
University of Mazandaran
ekhtiari2002@gmail.com
Y
The recent geopolitic developments of the Middle East under thetitle of Islamic awakening have intensified fragility of Syria and eventually turn it to a failed state. Syrian internal crisis has not only influenced on its national security but also affected entire Middle East security interactions. With regard to this, the main question of the research is: “What is the impact of fragile situation of Syria on the security interactions in the Middle East region?” The research method is descriptive-analytical and it utilizes ‘regional security body’ as theoretical approach toexplain the research topic. The research findings indicate that Syrian fragile situation has significantly affected the security equation in the region. In this regards, Syria’s developments caused Turkey, in addition to military intervention in the Syria, increases its security- military cooperation with GCC countries, in particular Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Besides, Syrian internal crisis gave rise to a tense proxy war between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Moreover, similar interests of Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Israel in Syria led to formation of Turkish-Arabic-Hebrew coalition in the region. This decreased Israeli threat in the region and eventually in turn led to a relative security of the regime. The Syrian development also affected on non-states actors such as Hamas and Hezbollah and their security-based actions in the region.
Fragile state, Syria, the Middle East, Security, Copenhagen School.
http://priw.ir/article-1-447-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-447-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
The US Strategy against Islamic Awakening,
The Case Study: Egypt
189
213
FA
Y
N
The evolution of the Islamic awakening in Egypt in 2011 and the public uprising of people to quit Mubarak from the top of the pyramid of political power changed the regional order in various dimensions and affected the policies of regional and subregional actors. This movement, as an unpredictable development in the Middle East policy of US has created a serious ambiguity and challenge in its policies in the region and pushed the US decision-making bodies to manage and control the crisis. The present research aims to answer this question: “What is the US strategy towards the Islamic awakening of the people of the region, especially Egypt?” In this field research study, while conducting a deep interview and distributing questionnaires among elites, the components and characteristics of the US strategy towards the Islamic awakening of the Egyptian people were identified in various aspects of political, economic, cultural-social, scientific-technological, military-security and extra-structural. The results of the study show that, while managing the crisis in the Islamic awakening of the Egyptian people, the United States, following the confrontation of this revolution in its own interest, as well as the Zionist regime, sought to Islamize the conflicts and tried to prevent Islam, Islamist elements and movements opposed the policies and interests of the West in Egypt from reaching the power.
America, Islamic Awakening, Strategy, Egypt, Middle East
http://priw.ir/article-1-538-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-538-en.pdf
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
2222
7
3
2017
12
1
Investigating the Goals and Thoughts of Islamist Leaders in
the New Turkey
215
238
FA
TABATABAI@GMAIL.COM
N
Mahdipiroozfar1371@gmail.com
N
asemanehapht@gmail.com
Y
The new Turkey (Republic of Turkey) was founded in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. After the establishment of the Turkish government (the new Republic of Turkey) in 1923, Kamal Ataturk took all his efforts to reduce Islam as a minimum religion to the private realm and to accelerate society more closely in line with the requirements of modernity in the contemporary era. But after his death, it became obvious that all his activities and plans to break the relationship with the Ottoman past (which represents the Islamic world) and reducing the influence of Islamic thoughts were not effective, and Islam continues to play a fundamental role in the formation of the Islamic-Turkish identity as well as the past. So the main question of this research is that: “who are the pioneers of Islam in the new Turkey and what their goals are?” The findings of the study confirm that two political Islamist movements led by Najmuddin Erbakan and social Islam led by Fethullah Gulen in Turkey are active in Turkey, which not only are significcant difference in aims and ideals, but also in strategies so that Arghakan, for the growth of the Islamists, has drawn on utopia city and jihad in order to achieve it, and wanted to achieve its goals by unifying Muslims and fighting with colonialism, while Gulen prefers to pursue his goals through educational, promotional and economic activities that of course had special emphasis on the Turkish nationalism.
political Islam, social Islam, the new Turkey, neo- Ottomanism
http://priw.ir/article-1-512-en.html
http://priw.ir/article-1-512-en.pdf