Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Critical analysis of the President's Authorization in the Turkish's 2017 Constitution
1
29
FA
From the time that it took political authority in Turkey, the AKP constantly raised the issue of changing Turkey's political system from the parliamentary to the presidential system. Under Erdogan's leadership, after the coup in April 15, 2016, the party was able to reach its goal thanks to the political support of parties and social accompaniment through 2017's referendum. The purpose of this article is to examine the President's powers as the head of state and the relationship between the president and the legislative and judiciary forces as well as to criticize and evaluate these changes. In this regard, it has been dealt with the changes in the constitutional material, specifically those that are related to the executive body, through a comparative study comparing the new and previous constitution in order to examine the types of political regimes based on the key concept of the separation theory, and explain the Legal and political consequences. The present paper seeks to find out how much the President's powers in the new constitution have changed in Turkey and to which model of political systems the Turkish political system has been approached? The claim of this article is that with the increase of the powers of the Turkish presidential powers, the Turkish system is approaching the presidential system. The findings of this paper, which have been found analytically and descriptively through a documentary method, show that the constitutional changes increase the powers and scope of the president's authority. This may destabilize the border of the separation of powers in Turkey's new political system. The documents of this claim show the increase in mutual eligibility of the President in dissolving the parliament and holding early elections, holding the parliamentary and presidential elections simultaneously, the extension of the term of parliamentary and presidency periods, the president's ability to be the secretary-general of the party during the presidential period, the authority to select the majority of the members of the Council of Judges and Prosecutors, as well as the Constitutional Court and the election of senior government officials without parliamentary approval, and the tightening the process of monitoring the ministers.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Analyzing critical traditionalism in Shariati's thinking
31
50
FA
seyyed ali
alamolhoda
pnu university
ali
vaezi vazna
pnu university
Shariati's intellectual flow is accepted by various readings such as traditionalism, postmodern readings, modernism and radical approach because his thought has the capacity to accept all these readings. He was a critique of tradition and at the same time criticized modernity, and therefore he may have considered as a traditionalist or a supporter of modernity. But deeper study of Shariati's works leads us to the third stream, which is critical to traditionalism. Shariati's general approach to traditionalism is that the two fundamental principles of traditionalism, the attention to wisdom and critique of modernity, are the principles of his thinking. Shari'ati has an interest in both illuminated and Oriental wisdom and, along with many critics of modernity, addresses the crises of modernity and criticizes the principles of Western thought. But like other traditionalists, it does not stop in the Sunnah, but wants to make a bridge between tradition and Modernity by ideology. So it is better to call his intellectual thinking a critical traditionalism. Shariati's critical traditionalism means that, like other traditionalists, he take the crises of modernity very serious and sees its solution to pay attention to spirituality that is recommended by illuminated wisdom, not any spirituality, but the spirituality that serves Ideology and reform of society.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Exploring the Quranic Principles of Imam Khomeini's View Points on Israel as a Canceric Gland
51
76
FA
mohammad
ebrahimnia
abbas
esmaeelizadeh
Famous Imam Khomeini's view, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the similsrity of Israel to a canceric gland and its pursuit as a permanent policy of the system, since the beginning of the victory of the revolution so far, has always been challenging and has brought problems internationally and doubts inside the country. Considering the recent developments in the field of international relations on the interaction with the Zionist regime, especially by some major Islamic countries, it is necessary to examine the basis of this issue from the perspective of the Qur'an. Examining the Qur'an verses about the Israelites, in particular the Jews, demonstrates the importance of it in the Quran in three areas: 1) Quality, 2) Nature, and 3) communities and territories at risk in detail about the corruption of the Jewish people. In the first aspect, it counts features such as: greedy, quick and sustained attempts at spreading corruption, corrupting the right to the justice from the standpoint of right with precise and careful planning and etc. In the second context, it points out their economic, cultural, political and military corruption, and in the third axis, it introduces not only Muslims and Islamic countries, but also all the nations and territories in the jeopardy of Jews. The three mentioned areas are fully correspond to the characteristics of the cancerous gland from the perspective of medicine, which means that, on the one hand, Imam Khomeini's word was not a mere political slogan or a fanatical position, and on the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran's policy against the Zionist regime is principled politics derived from the verses of Qur'an and in consistent with the correct Islamic worldview. This study has been done based on the librarian's methodology and describing and analysing data and texts with modern and applicable perception of the verses and narratives. After collecting and reviewing different scattered and somehow contradicted opinions of commentators, it attempted to analyze the verses related to the Israeilites more carefully and provide more accurate and scientific understanding of the verses, and then explained the extent of its relationship with the Imam Khomeini's interpretation. So with regard to the above mentioned, this article is innovative. Other works produced in this subject has rhetorical content and are the motto of the species. In these works a contemporary and scholarly look, especially simultaneously, in relation to Israel from the perspective of the Qur'an and the discovery of the relationship between the hostile positions of Imam Khomeini is not seen with the Qur'an and narrations.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Influence of Internal Disputes among Kurdish Parties on the Failure of Independence of Iraqi Kurdistan
77
109
FA
The Kurds were originally one of the original Iranian tribesmen who, during the Safavid rule, following the conflict between Shah Isma'il Safavi and Salim I, the king of the Ottoman Empire in the year 1514 on parts of Iran's territory which were Kurdish - called the Chaldoran War- were separated and joined to the Ottoman Empire's territory. These parts today include: today's Turkish Kurdistan, today's Iraqi Kurdistan, and today's Syrian Kurdistan. The Kurds in all four countries have always concerned about nationalism and independence although they have always had a patriotic feeling towards their homeland, Iran. In this article, which has been written about the independence of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the authors aim to review the reasons of failure of independence of Iraqi Kurdistan from the perspective of the disputs between the Iraqi Kurdistan's parties. The present study attempts to investigate and answer the following question: "what is the most important reason of the failor of Kurdish independence despite the holding a referendum on the Iraqi Kurdistan's region and gaining a majority of positive votes?" According to the article's hypothesis, due to the unbalanced structure of power in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the internal controversies between the parties and the lack of coordination between them are the main reasons for the failor of Kurdish independence of Kurdistan in Iraq. The method used in this research is a descriptive and analytical study which deals with the how and why the controversies between the Kurdish parties led to the failure of the independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan. In addition, the decision-making theory of Graham Allison and Herbert Simon has been used in this article.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Western Zionist Stream against Shia Culture
111
133
FA
zahra
fahimi
university of shahed
abbas
keshavarz shokri
university of shahed
Westerns, who thought that they were the unrivaled rulers in the world after the collapse of the Soviet :::::union:::::, suddenly faced with Islamic revolution in Iran and the power of Shia, and from the beginning of the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, they tried to prevent the increasing power of Shia in Iran and all over the world in different ways. The purpose of this study is reviewing the causes of panic in the Zionist at the west from Shia their goals from hostility and propaganda against the Shiites. In this research we have tried to answer this question: "What are the causes of panic in the Zionism from shia and what is their purpose of enmity with shia?" To answer these questions at first, we studied about the roots of Zionism and its relationship with Christian circles in the west. Also we studied about the causes of panic of Zionists from shia and especially Iran. And at the end, we analyzed objectives and actions of Zionism and propaganda against Shiism. The method used in this study is descriptive – analytic and library and Internet resources were used in data collection. The result of this study shows that as the Christians and Jews share the same goals, such as preparing grounds for the arrival of Christ and the necessity of creation the Zionist regime in Palestine and readiness for war with Muslims, despite their long-standing feud, they came to a strategic alliance, and after the occurrence of Islamic revolution in Iran, they tightened their alliance more and due to their intellectual and political contradiction with Shia, concerned about jeopardizing their interests and their existence in the world, and with the aim of preventing the empowerment and influence of Shiism in the region and the world, as well as to justify their presence in the West Asian region and their wars and actions in this area, they have launched the enmity and opposition actions in the region, especially with Islamic Republic of Iran, such as promoting shiaphobia, supporting the Takfiri groups, and establishing civil wars in Shiite countries to achieve their goals.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
The Impact of Syria and Iraq's Internal Conflicts on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
135
173
FA
aliasghar
sotoudeh
guilan university
Controversial construction of the Middle East and the range of interests and national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the internal conflicts of Syria and Iraq affected national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the central question of this study is "what has been the impact of the new regional security actions (the Syria andIraq conflicts) on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" The findings show that, new security actions have challenged Iran with two national security pillars. In the military dimension, the conflict has eroded the military power of the Syrian government, as well as the increased military cost of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Hezbollah in favor of Israel in Shamat. In the political dimension, the formation of Sunni fundamentalism has challenged the political ideology and political rule of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research method in this study is descriptive-analytic and data collection method is using library and internet resources.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
A look at the formation of ISIS from the perspective of post-modern terrorism
175
195
FA
Ghaffar
zarei
lamerd branch
mohammad
mosavi
lamerd branch
Majid
Gholampour
lamerd branch
Terrorism has been divided in several directions. One of the most important conceptual divisions of terrorism is its division into three types of traditional, modern and postmodern which, while possessing common characteristics, share their own characteristics. Traditional terrorism is the most elementary type of terrorism that is limited to the borders of a land and region; modern terrorism brings about the element of nation and state; and postmodern terrorism responds to the moral degradation and domination of Western cultural and political hegemony, which of course is heavily reliant on mass media and social networks. In this regard, ISIS is one of the most important terrorist groups in the Middle East, which has also claim to establish Islamic caliphate, and in many respects, it has paved the way for postmodern terrorism. The purpose of this study is to examine the dimensions of ISIS terrorism within the framework of post-modern terrorism. One of the most important findings of this study is that post-modern terrorism of ISIS is an answer to the deterioration of religious and moral degeneration in the world and the Middle East, whose objective manifestations are seen in the activities of this terrorist group. The specific features of this terrorist group, including relying on mass media, massive military capabilities, and the attempt to create an Islamic state, have created global and regional fears that have made significant differences in comparison with traditional and modern terrorism.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Farrokhi Yazdi's political protest approach and his colonial critical thinking in the constitutional era
197
220
FA
asieh
zaihnia
Payam Noor University
Farrokhi Yazdi, as one of the libertarian politicians played a significant role in constitutional poltical Movement. He dedicated his own life and poetry to constitutional government. Farrokhi's poem is a critical and protesting one which shows social and political suffers and pains and is regarded as a court which aims at judicially trying and passing sentence to corruptions, as well as publishing exposes against these corruptions and oppressions etc. The existence of objection in the base and foundation of a system shows the existence of violation, cruelty and disorder. On one hand, one of the political factors that caused the revolution was the tyrannical and cruel manner as well as the incapability of Qajar Government and on the other hand, Iran social changes and developments. Due to the specific sensevity of the period as well as the political and social problems of the country and since Farrokhi Yazdi was a poet who was a fighter and showed courtesy as well as was familiar with the people's pains, Political complaints in the constitutional period had a high importance in his poems. Most of political complaints in the constitutional period have been seen in Farrokhi Yazdi's poems. He, achieving the sublime aims and fulfilling justices, freedom and equality, sought for the administration of these elements in the society and intended to make the people aware of the era monarchs through shouting the complaint and criticism. According to the present investigation, it is concluded that, contrary to the other Iran political eras, the dominant and considered pain of the current study, in the constitutional period, is the people's pain, and wrong dominated policies on the society and sovereigns' cruelty and attention and fortune of people to him and his poems roots in his social ideology.
Islamic World Studies Association
Quarterly Journal of Political Research in Islamic World
2322-2980
8
4
2018
12
1
Geopolitical branding of two-factor geographical units
221
234
FA
In the course of the evolution of states from the classical states to the modern states, we consider concepts such as two-factor governments, quasi-governments, semi-governments, and so on. Certainly, these emerging states require the proposition of geographical branding or geopolitical branding. Geopolitical branding is one of the main applications of geopolitical agents and is in deep connection with two concepts of code and insight of geopolitics. There are many literatures in this field of branding written by scholars, which, of course, has a managerial load and, as a result, visions, missions, goals, values, implementation, and situational analysis are prominent in them. The emergence of a geopolitical branding model is dependent on its stakeholders because they are the initiators and they are responsible for brand process management. Geopolitical branding can also draw a comprehensive analysis of quasi-states or two-factor structures. It should not be forgotten that the geopolitical branding model affects the geopolitical context of the state and weak nations against new structures and agents, and occurs in civilization and territorial faults. The hypothesis of this research is the answer to Colin Flyett's question about two key issues of whether geopolitical agents have geopolitical codes; and if the concept of a geopolitical code is necessary for understanding the actions of geopolitical brokers. In this regard, by proving the quality of these codes, they initiated to geopolitical branding of geopolitical agents in the Middle East.