Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

Turkey and Iran are two important  muslim countries in the Middle East, but they have two different kinds of government. Iran has an Islamic government which has power and propose Islam as a comprehensive plan for all dimensions of human life and also knows itself as responsible for implementing Islamic laws in society and its foreign policy. But in Turkey, despite of emphasizing on Islamic identity and values, the government is secular one, and its post-Islamist forces have accepted it,.It seems in Turkey, the lack of a powerful clerical class and the existence of a special kind of plural and spiritual Islam and the institutionalization of political parties, have produced a special post-Islamism. But in Iran, the existence of a strong clerical class with a formal and juridical version of Islam and a long history of radical social movements, have caused an Islamic government come to power. Therefore , different historical, cultural and social grounds in these two countries have produced different kinds of relationships and interactions between religion and the state.This study attempts to explain this difference by reviewing the social contexts of Islamism.