Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

This study aims to analyze the role of government social and economic policies in shaping ethnic integration or disintegration and their implications for national security. The main research question examines the mechanisms through which public policies can strengthen social trust and ethnic cohesion or, in cases of inefficiency, lead to weakened integration and increased internal vulnerability. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with academic experts, cultural activists, and social specialists. Sampling was conducted purposefully, and data collection continued until theoretical and conceptual saturation was achieved with 15 participants. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and step-by-step coding procedures. To enhance the credibility of the findings, strategies such as participant validation, peer review, and audit trail documentation were employed.

The findings indicate that unequal distribution of resources, administrative centralization, weak local participation, and neglect of cultural diversity are among the main factors undermining ethnic integration. In contrast, distributive justice, strengthening civil institutions, participatory governance, and institutional transparency play a significant role in enhancing social trust and promoting ethnic cohesion. The results suggest that ethnic integration is a product of fair and sustainable governance and constitutes a key factor in strengthening national security.