Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

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Political attitudes of students is an issue which has a special place in our society since the attitudes are considered as precursor of formation of behaviors and social interactions. On the other hand, the Islamic uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa, are regarded as major issues in recent years in the region. Since there is no empirical documentary data on the subject, a brief assessment of this issue seems necessary.

This article is an attempt to study the role of the media and reference groups on students’attitudes about recent Islamic uprisings in the region. Therefore, the views of 977 students from 16 universities of the country were taken using stratified random sampling and then X2 test, multiple regression analysis, path analysis were performed. Results of regression analysis showed that overall, 42.8% of changes in students' attitudes, has been explained with two factors sources of news and community reference groups (p<0.001). Also, based on the results of the path analysis among 33 sources of news, television and satellite networks and internet sites, and among the primary and secondary reference groups,
the role of the leader and religious leaders in shaping the special attitude of the students is significant. Finally, the implications of this study are also investigated.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the legitimacy of the rulings of the absolute government in concluding contracts in the thought of the political schools of the West and Islam. From Hobbeschr('39') point of view, any kind of contract is the result of a deep knowledge and understanding of what is agreed upon. Government contracts from this perspective mean the transfer of all contracts to the government and their implementation. Private contracts have little place in this theory. Because according to this theory, he has attributed the absolute right to the government. Locke believes that he does not consider absolute power to belong to that state. That is, the government alone - cannot perform all contracts according to its principles and rules and regulations. But based on the level of peoplechr('39')s satisfaction with the type of contracts that are implemented as a plan. It should go to other departments that privately execute contracts through auctions and tenders. Assign. In Kantchr('39')s view, unlike Locke and Hobbes, he articulates moderation for public and private contracts. As justice is the most important key point for Kant. This means that contracts that the government can execute are handed over to the government. And contracts can be executed privately or outsourced to the private sector. According to Kant, he does not consider the state to be the absolute ruler. Rather, he considers it the executor of justice.

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The present study aims to investigate the relationship between religion and government in neo-Mu'tazilite ideas with an emphasis on Abu Zayd's thought. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection is done in the form of a library. The most important tool used to collect information is to take notes. The results of the research indicate that from Abu Zayd's point of view, concepts such as monotheism, justice, rationalism, democracy, secularism, equality, freedom and human happiness are fundamental concepts and such values ​​form the utopia of Abu Zayd. In other words, by applying these values, human beings will be able to achieve a modern utopia or utopia. Abu Zayd also considers religion a necessity and introduces Islam as a religion of rationality that is associated with freedom, human rights, equality between men and women, and the foundations of modernity. In his view, de-ideologizing Islam is essential, and he ultimately states that Islam is compatible with secularism.

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The principle of validity is disussed in jurisprudence and islamic thought. According to this principle, all contracts are right unless they are proven to be incorrect. The validity of this principle is based on the quranic verses, religious narratives and the content of article 223 of civil law. The principle of correctness applies to all contracts. The adaptation of this principle in islamic thought with civil law, according to international contractual relations, is the issue of this article. Showing the theoretical challenges is the purpose of this article. In this article, we examine the principle of correctess in islamic thought and civil law of the islamic republic of iran. We also examine the role of this principle in attracting public trust and maintaining socil order.