Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

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 With the onset of the political crisis in Syria, regional and transnational actors, based on their own interests, have adopted different orientations in relation to this country, which has a special geopolitical and geostrategic importance in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the role of actors such as Russia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is of great importance. The purpose of the present article is to study the position of Syria in regional politics of Iran and Russia using the theory of structural realism. The findings of the research show that Syria in the international equation of Russia; given the geopolitical and geostrategic situation of Syria, the long-standing and traditional relations of the Kremlin-Damascus, the existence of the Tartarus military base, the prevention of further Western influence in the region, the Russians' distrust towards the West as to how to deal with the crisis Syria, fear of repeating the Libyan scenario in Syria, confrontation with America, economic considerations, the existence of military contracts with Syria, and the prevention of NATO expansion, has a special place. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, with its continued support, pursues several vital goals such as preventing similar events in the Middle East aimed at preventing the development of the influence of the Israeli regime in the region, maintaining the Shiite coalition and maintaining the geopolitical balance of the region. As a result, the scene of Syrian developments has provided a favorable context for Iran's and Russia's shared points of view on international developments and the Middle East. Both countries disagree with the expansion of the political, economic and military domains of the Western world in their regions for historical, geopolitical and national interests and national security, and they play a significant role in the formation of new Syria. The paper uses the descriptive- An analysis has finally been made.
 

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Since 2011, Syria has become a realm of a prolonged and full-fledged war, engaging a variety of actors, ranging from internal to regional and extra-regional, either state or non-state ones; on this reason, it can be argued that this situation has led it into a most international civil war during Post-Cold War Era. In this framework, among involved states in this war, Iranian-Russian cooperation has played a significant role in preventing Bashar Assad from being overthrown, and in defeating ISIS and eliminating or undermining another terrorist groups. 
However, in the meanwhile, of important is prospect for these cooperative relations over Syria following persistence of Bashar Assad and process of eliminating or undermining terrorism operating within it. Thus, drawing on Future Study Approach and relying on scenario-writing method, the article seeks to identify cases occurring in Russian-Iranian relations over Syria and to analyze its strategic Implications for I. R. Iran.
Findings show that, “out of three general scenarios including prevalence of cooperation, progression towards prevalence of conflict, and simultaneousness of cooperation and conflict,” third one seems to be most likely. On this basis, it can be suggested that having specified areas of cooperation as well as conflict, I R Iran formulates a shared agenda over them with Russia. 

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Drug traffickers have created numerous problems (narcoterrorism) for the newly independent republics in order to reap the benefits of the transit of these goods into Central Asia. Because most of the terrorist forces in Central Asia, including the Taliban, have strengthened themselves through the establishment of a drug transit network, and through this, while attracting the desired forces, they have gained access to significant financial and even information resources and caused many problems in this region. می¬شوند. In this article, while examining the problems and difficulties created by drug traffickers in Central Asian countries, the necessary information has been collected through books, articles and online resources in a descriptive-analytical manner. The main question is how drug traffickers have seriously endangered the security of Central Asian countries and, consequently, Russia, and what strategy Russia's strategy for managing the crisis during Putin's presidency. Has it adopted a foreign policy? The hypothesis, based on the theory of defensive realism and based on the Russian national security document under Putin, states that drug traffickers solve economic, political and security problems through terrorist operations in the region. Have created. Therefore, in the Putin era, in order to control this problem by strengthening the common borders with Central Asian countries and cooperation in bilateral and multilateral dimensions, as well as regional cooperation through established institutions and organizations, seeks to reduce the problems created by narcoterrorism in Is Central Asia.

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The nature of power relations in the Middle East depends on understanding the relations of the main actors who have sought to establish and control regional and international hegemony. The type of action and policy of Russia as the most effective major player in the issues and crises of West Asia, especially in the Syrian crisis and its aftershocks, is necessary. In this regard, the type of Russian politics is questionable. The key questions in this regard are: What is Russia's Middle East policy towards Iran / Turkey as the main regional actors? And how has Putin been able to bring Turkey into its balanced diplomacy alongside Iran? The present study tests the answer in the form of a hypothesis that Putin, in line with his need for Russian Middle East policy to strike a balance of power between key regional actors, especially Iran / Turkey, by establishing cooperation while restricting the independence of Turkey / Iran strategic action. And balances it with bilateral and trilateral cooperation and agreements. The findings of the article show that, first of all, in the issues of West Asia, especially in the margins of the Syrian crisis, Putin's role and strategy have been the most effective and fundamental strategy. Secondly, in Russia's Middle East policy, the policy of balance of power among the main actors in the region is significant and effective. The present study has been written qualitatively and with an explanatory-analytical method by collecting information through documents.

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Improving the relations between Russia and the Caucasus with the Muslim world will be especially important in the future of this region. This work should be started in such a way that the society can have a correct idea of Islam and how it affects the Ummah and the behavior of Muslims. Unfortunately, now, the non-Muslim population of Russia and the Caucasus region have wrong ideas about Islam. If we accept that the creation of conflict in parts of the Caucasus (Karabakh) was planned years before the collapse of the former Soviet Union and to prevent the unification of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan; Therefore, the continuous influence of the West and the intelligence services of the region in the Caucasus is undoubtedly aimed at securing their interests. This article is an answer to the question of what is the evolution of the Islamic media and parties from the Soviet Union to the South Caucasus, the research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and using the Internet and library documents.