Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

In most Arab countries, the relationship between state and society has traditional nature and the nation-building process is still being shaped. Growing urban middle class, increasing the number of educated people and the increase in the use of new communication media such as the internet, lifestyle changes and… have been manifestations of recent social developments in the Arab countries. Since the political systems prevailing in these societies have failed to keep pace with social changes and also there has not been any change in the performance of the traditional political structure of these countries, these countries will be witness far more the gap between the state and the nation in near future, which in turn can cause radical and more important changes in the country’s political structures in the future. In other words, these  social changes may cause more formidable political changes in the future compared with developments of 2010-2014. Due to the structural crisis of civil society and national government in the Arab countries of the Middle East, the main source of social change in the net community would be cultural identity. Different cultural identities in a variety of formats such as Islamism, democratization, multiculturalism, with diverse backgrounds and perspectives to create, represent a serious and irreconcilable challenge with symbols, institutions and behavioral rules that emerged from Arab rulers’ unilateral and authoritarian political processes of.So the main topics of this paper will be as follows: 1. The revival of the Islamic identity against western / secular identity, and 2. The formation of a new middle class with political and cultural consequences.