Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

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 With the onset of the political crisis in Syria, regional and transnational actors, based on their own interests, have adopted different orientations in relation to this country, which has a special geopolitical and geostrategic importance in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the role of actors such as Russia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is of great importance. The purpose of the present article is to study the position of Syria in regional politics of Iran and Russia using the theory of structural realism. The findings of the research show that Syria in the international equation of Russia; given the geopolitical and geostrategic situation of Syria, the long-standing and traditional relations of the Kremlin-Damascus, the existence of the Tartarus military base, the prevention of further Western influence in the region, the Russians' distrust towards the West as to how to deal with the crisis Syria, fear of repeating the Libyan scenario in Syria, confrontation with America, economic considerations, the existence of military contracts with Syria, and the prevention of NATO expansion, has a special place. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, with its continued support, pursues several vital goals such as preventing similar events in the Middle East aimed at preventing the development of the influence of the Israeli regime in the region, maintaining the Shiite coalition and maintaining the geopolitical balance of the region. As a result, the scene of Syrian developments has provided a favorable context for Iran's and Russia's shared points of view on international developments and the Middle East. Both countries disagree with the expansion of the political, economic and military domains of the Western world in their regions for historical, geopolitical and national interests and national security, and they play a significant role in the formation of new Syria. The paper uses the descriptive- An analysis has finally been made.
 

Keywords: Islamic Republic of Iran, Russia, Syria, foreign policy, structural realism

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