Quarterly Journal of Political
Research in Islamic World

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Social forces in the Holy Quran are divided into extra-group and intra-group based on the politics of religious identity. The necessary religious identity in the social force is introduced as "believers". However, the existing religious identity that follows a spectrum of action in social and political activism from ideological disagreement to hostility towards God and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) includes "polytheists" and "People of the Book" in the extra-group sphere and the social forces of "hypocrites", "opponents", "retards" and "marjafun" in the intra-group forms of Muslims are introduced in the Holy Quran. In the political arena, the concepts of "hostility" are also raised as social forces that are enemies of the necessary religious identity and "party". Party is introduced as an indicator of the divisions of intra-group activism of Muslims as "Hezbollah" and "Hezbol al-Shaytan" in the last years of the Prophet's (PBUH) life. This research examined social forces in the Holy Quran by considering about 50 verses of the Holy Quran and considering the context and date of revelation of the verses using a library method.
 

Keywords: Social force, religious identity politics, Quran, party, enemy, necessary religious identity

     

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